Handle wrap — the cord wound around the tsuka (hilt) for grip and aesthetics.

Ray skin — the textured ray skin wrap beneath the Tsukaito on the handle.

Blade collar — the metal sleeve that fits over the base of the blade, keeping it seated in the saya.

Handle fittings — Fuchi is the collar at the base of the handle; Kashira is the pommel cap at the end.

Scabbard — the lacquered wooden sheath that houses and protects the blade.

Saya cord — the braided cord attached to the scabbard for securing the sword.

Sword collar — the metal spacers on either side of the Tsuba (guard), holding fittings in place.

Handle ornaments — decorative metal figures placed beneath the Tsukaito wrap on both sides of the handle.

Temper line — the distinctive pattern along the blade's edge, unique to each swordsmith's tradition.